Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mehmet Ülger Author-Email: mehmetulger@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Ankara Üniversitesi Author-Name: Kübra Esin Karataş Author-Email: karatas.kubraesin@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Ankara Üniversitesi Gayrimenkul Geliştirme ve Yönetimi Anabilim Dalı Author-Name: Mehmet Ercan Canaslan Author-Email: ercancanaslan@yahoo.com Title: A PUBLIC ANALYSIS OF COASTAL EMBANKMENT AREAS: THE CASE OF TRABZON PROVINCE, ORTAHISAR DISTRICT, AKYAZI Abstract: In this article, projects in various countries related to the construction and utilization of coastal embankments are analyzed. The economic, social and environmental impacts of reclamation areas are discussed. The article emphasizes that the ownership status of the facilities and buildings constructed in these areas varies from country to country. In particular, the balance between public interest coastal filling projects and privately owned residential areas is discussed. The effects of the methods and materials used in different countries on the marine ecosystem were evaluated. The study also examined the details of a filling project realized in Trabzon province. The research emphasized the importance of issues such as planning of filling areas, material selection, assessment of environmental impacts and communication between stakeholders involved in the project. As a result, it is suggested that the success of filling projects planned and implemented in the public interest and environmental sustainability can be ensured by choosing the right methods, following an interactive process and conducting regular inspections. Journal: Eurasian Business & Economics Journal Pages: 75-90 Volume: 34 Issue: 34 Year: 2023 Month: Feb DOI: 10.17740/eas.econ.2023-V34-06 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/busecon/article/view/1326 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:buseco:v:34:y:2023:i:34:p:75-90 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: SEVGİ ELVERDİ Author-Email: selverdi@erzincan.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: ERZİNCAN BİNALİ YILDIRIM ÜNİVERSİTESİ İKTİSADİ VE İDARİ BİLİMLER FAKÜLTESİ İKTİSAT BÖLÜMÜ Title: THE EFFECT OF MERCHANDISE TRADE AND SERVICES TRADE VOLUME ON NATIONAL INCOME: AN APPLICATION ON EU-27 COUNTRIES Abstract: ABSTRACT The markets where goods and services produced through foreign trade can be exhibited are expand which improves the international production process. The natural result of this process is an increase in output. This result is important for countries that adopt an economic growth strategy. Therefore, participation in international trade is becoming more important for countries every day. In this study, by examining the effect of foreign trade volume on national income; It is aimed to determine the direction and strength of the connection between the goods trade volume and services trade volume variables and the gross domestic product (GDP) variable. The analysis was applied to EU-27 countries on single-year data using the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) technique. In this sense, it is thought that the study will make a significant contribution to the literature in terms of the country examined and the method used. According to the analysis results; The effect of trade in Merchandise and services on GDP is positive and strong. The results gave parallel results with the literature examined and once again demonstrated the importance of foreign trade volume on national income increase. Journal: Eurasian Business & Economics Journal Pages: 49-60 Volume: 34 Issue: 34 Year: 2023 Month: Feb DOI: 10.17740/eas.econ.2023-V34-04 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/busecon/article/view/1329 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:buseco:v:34:y:2023:i:34:p:49-60 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nazife Şahin Macit Author-Email: nazfe.sahin@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Title: Evaluation of The Macroeconomıc Performance of Selected European and Central Asian Countries by CILOS Based AROMAN Method Abstract: In this study, it has been aimed to compare the macroeconomic performances of selected European and Central Asian countries (Ukraine, Turkey, Russia, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Germany, Uzbekistan and Greece) for the period 2019-2021. In the performance measurement, a total of 5 indicators have been used as GDP growth, GDP per capita, Imports of goods and services, Exports of goods and services, and unemployment. CILOS method has been used to calculate the weight values of the criteria. The calculation and ranking of the performance values of the countries according to the criteria has carried out with the AROMAN method. According to the results of the analysis, the countries of Germany, Turkey and Armenia have identified as the best performing countries in terms of macroeconomics for 2019, 2020 and 2021, respectively. On the other hand, Russia has the worst performance for 2019; It has been understood that the country with the worst performance for 2020 and 2021 is Germany. When a general evaluation is made in terms of macroeconomic performance by taking the geometric average of the performance rankings of the countries on a yearly basis, it is revealed that Russia has the best performance and Armenia the worst. Journal: Eurasian Business & Economics Journal Pages: 31-48 Volume: 34 Issue: 34 Year: 2023 Month: Feb DOI: 10.17740/eas.econ.2023-V34-03 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/busecon/article/view/1346 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:buseco:v:34:y:2023:i:34:p:31-48 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Deniz Alp Dolu Author-Email: dnzdol@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Author-Email: tavaciog@itu.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: İstanbul Teknik Üniversitesi Author-Email: kilinca19@itu.edu.tr Author-Email: abbas.alipanah@gmail.com Author-Email: kizilsac@itu.edu.tr Title: The Relationship between Workload, Work Stress and Burnout in Masters and Deck Officers Abstract: Throughout history, maritime has always been at the forefront as an element of trade, transport and political power. Today, as in every part of history, the building blocks of the maritime sector are seafarers. By its nature, maritime is a profession that requires attention in difficult sea and weather conditions as well as physical and psychological strength. Seafarers may encounter various problems such as excessive workload, unsuitable working environment, irregular and inadequate rest hours, mobbing by superiors and shipowners during their service on ships. In addition, social life and being away from their loved ones can lead to burnout, which can affect the whole organisation and create problems in ethical and human values. Psychology of uncertainty in seafarers, which is directly related to workload, work stress and burnout, was studied in this study.  This study aimed to examine the impact of uncertainties and discomfort on ship personnel and explore potential differences based on age, years of service, and gender. A survey was conducted, encompassing participants of various ages, services, and both genders, resulting in a large and diverse data pool. The analysis focused on the relationship between uncertainties, discomfort, and their interactions. The findings revealed that discomfort caused by uncertainty had a greater influence on ship personnel compared to the uncertainty itself. Age and years of service emerged as significant factors in experiencing uncertainties and discomfort, while gender did not play a significant role. Pairwise comparisons further revealed differences between most theme pairs and distinct discomfort levels. Overall, this study emphasizes the substantial impact of discomfort resulting from uncertainties on ship personnel and emphasizes the importance of considering age and years of service in understanding these effects. The findings contribute to the understanding of uncertainties and discomfort in the maritime profession and support the notion that anticipating potential discomfort plays a significant role in ship personnel's responses. Journal: Eurasian Business & Economics Journal Pages: 91-104 Volume: 34 Issue: 34 Year: 2023 Month: Feb DOI: 10.17740/eas.econ.2023-V34-07 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/busecon/article/view/1365 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:buseco:v:34:y:2023:i:34:p:91-104 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Azad OSMANLI Author-Email: azadosmanli@gmail.com Title: REGULATION STRUCTURE AND APPLICATIONS IN FINANCIAL MARKETS IN TURKEY Abstract: Disruptions in the economy have a high potential to negatively affect the social structure and social order. In order to experience fewer disruptions in economies and to eliminate the disruptions more quickly, it is necessary to take some regulatory measures, called regulation. Regulation can generally be defined as the state regulating the economic activities of the private sector in a way that increases social welfare. Financial regulation is the rules and restrictions developed by the regulatory authority for the decisions and behaviors of financial agents in order to achieve maximum social benefit. Financial regulations are used to regulate financial markets in Turkey, as well as all over the world. In order to better understand the regulations and their consequences in the financial markets in Turkey, a brief explanation about financial regulations is made in this article and the structure and applications of financial regulations in Turkey are discussed. It is observed that the economic crisis experienced in 2000 and 2001 played a decisive role in shaping financial regulations in Turkey. With the comprehensive regulations implemented after these crises, it was seen that the actors regulating the financial market were the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey, the Banking Regulation and Supervision Agency, the Savings Deposit Insurance Fund and the Banks Association of Turkey. It has been understood that many different types of regulation practices are carried out by these actors. Journal: Eurasian Business & Economics Journal Pages: 1-20 Volume: 34 Issue: 34 Year: 2023 Month: Feb DOI: 10.17740/eas.econ.2023-V34-01 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/busecon/article/view/1368 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:buseco:v:34:y:2023:i:34:p:1-20 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Murat ÇİFTÇİ Author-Email: muratciftci@trakya.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Trakya Üniversitesi İ.İ.B.F. ÇEEİ Bölümü Title: WEALTH COMPARISON AMONG TURKISH STATES Abstract: Wealth is extremely difficult to determine compared to income. While the monetary equivalent of financial assets is clear, it is difficult to determine the volume of non-financial assets. This is because it is difficult to establish a standardized market price for a wide range of non-financial assets, from vehicles to real estate. This has led to a delay in the development of national accounts for individual wealth. This difficulty has also made it difficult to compare individual wealth across countries for many years. Credit Suisse, which recently went bankrupt and was transferred to UBS, started publishing annual wealth reports in 2010. In these reports, wealth per adult, financial wealth, non-financial wealth, debt and median wealth per adult are reported in current dollar prices as country, regional and world averages on an annual basis since 2000. Of course, the data may not be as precise as national income accounts. However, wealth statistics can be regarded as a strong effort to enable global country comparisons in terms of individual wealth since 2000. This study analyzes and discusses the evolution of individual wealth and debt in the six Turkic republics of Turkey, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, and Azerbaijan between 2000 and 2019. The reason for taking 2019 as the most recent date in the time frame is that it is the last year before the pandemic. Thus, in the long-term comparison of individual wealth, it is possible to prevent the effects of the global crisis that occurred during the pandemic. The findings show that Turkey is the lowest performing country in terms of wealth per adult between 2000 and 2019. Journal: Eurasian Business & Economics Journal Pages: 21-30 Volume: 34 Issue: 34 Year: 2023 Month: Feb DOI: 10.17740/eas.econ.2023-V34-02 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/busecon/article/view/1369 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:buseco:v:34:y:2023:i:34:p:21-30 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Aslı Tuba İLHAN Author-Email: tuba_ilhan@hotmail.com Author-Name: Yeşim TANRIVERMİŞ Author-Email: aliefendioglu@ankara.edu.tr Title: PRIVATIZATION APPROACH AND PRACTICES IN PROTECTED AREAS Abstract: The increasing population, urbanization, and industrialization have led to a trend of excessive and unsustainable use of natural resources over time. Consequently, there is a necessity to maintain a balance between conservation and utilization of these resources for their sustainable management. In response to this need, various conservation approaches have been adopted, and different conservation tools have been developed. These efforts aim to ensure the sustainable use and preservation of natural resources amidst their growing exploitation. States are faced with a significant need for funds to finance the costs associated with managing conservation areas. Over time, this necessity has led to the inclusion of various models involving the private sector in the management of these protected areas. On the other hand, it is essential to consider the government's efforts regarding the registration of privately owned cultural and natural assets to the public through expropriation and land exchange processes. Simultaneously, some of these assets are included in the privatization program under Law No. 4046, where the Privatization Administration undertakes protective zoning plans and the transfer of ownership or usage rights to the private sector through various privatization methods for a fee. The aim of the study is to define the limits of applications within areas protected under various statuses, drawing on the outcomes of privatization practices conducted in developed countries and in Turkey. Through legal regulations, it seeks to highlight the boundaries of applications and demonstrate how "privatization" can serve as a distinctive conservation policy and financial instrument compared to other traditional and financial tools. Journal: Eurasian Business & Economics Journal Pages: 61-74 Volume: 34 Issue: 34 Year: 2023 Month: Feb DOI: 10.17740/eas.econ.2023-V34-05 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/busecon/article/view/1370 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:buseco:v:34:y:2023:i:34:p:61-74