Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ramazan Durgut Author-Email: rdurgut@istanbul.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Title: Dispute Resolutions of The Disputes Between Investors and Investment Firm in Turkish Capital Market System Abstract: There might be disputes derived from exchange transactions and transactions other than exchange between investors and investment firms (intermediary institutions and banks) in capital markets. To resolve these disputes, it is always possible to appeal to the judicial justice process. Except judicial justice process, with arbitration and intermadiary, it is possible initiate alternative dispute resolutions in Turkish capital market system. If the dispute derives from exchange transaction, it is possible to appeal to Borsa ?stanbul. Exchange transaction means the transactions from placing order until clearing. Objection regarding the decisions taken by Board of Directors of Borsa Istanbul before Capital Markets Board and also objection regarding the decisions taken by Capital Markets Board before courts can be made. It is possible to apply to arbitration within Turkey Capital Markets Association for the disputes derived from transactions such as custody for capital market instruments, keeping the register, occuring of virement transactions against customer?s instructions, exercising of subscription right. In this study the resolution of disputes derived from exchange transactions and capital markets transactions other than exchange in Borsa Istanbul and Turkey Capital Markets Association. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 634-643 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-51 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/51 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:634-643 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ercan Ergün Author-Email: ercanergun@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Author-Name: Muhsin Kürşat Ördek Author-Email: muhsin_kursat@hotmail.com Title: The Effect of Mobbing to Organizational Justice Perception Abstract: In this paper, the effect of mobbing levels to organizational justice perception on service sector employees was researched and tried to determine change on organizational justice perception when employees situation ?exposure to mobbing? changed . The basic question of research which applied to health workers in Kocaeli is that, Does exposure to mobbing reason change on organizational justice perception? The effect of mobbing is taken in terms of organizational justice perception in this study. Sample of research consists of 190 health care employees. According to research findings, negative effect of blocking worker?s possibilities to communicate adequately and attack to occupational situation which are sub-dimensions of mobbing was found on interactional justice perception. Positive effect of attacking worker to maintain personal reputation was found on procedural justice perception and negative effect of blocking worker?s possibilities to communicate adequately and attack to occupational situation which are sub-dimensions of mobbing was found on procedural justice perception. Negative effect of blocking worker?s possibilities to communicate adequately was found on distributive justice. Some suggestions have been submitted to managers and practitioners at the end of research. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 429-443 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-35 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/52 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:429-443 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yunus BIYIK Author-Email: yunusbiyik@gazi.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Author-Name: Tuğçe ŞİMŞEK Author-Email: tugcesimsek@gazi.edu.tr Author-Name: Alptekin SÖKMEN Author-Email: asokmen@gazi.edu.tr Title: The Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment on the Effect of Ethical Climate on Job Satisfact?on and Turnover Intention: Research on a Holding's Managers Abstract: Ethical climate have been the subject of many studies in the literature due to having a structure that can give direction to employee behaviors and having a significant relationship with both positive and negative working outputs. In many of the studies, ethical climate has been shown to have significant and positive impact on organizational performance, intellectual capital, trust to manager, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, organizational trust and individual performance. On the other hand, some findings have also seen that positive perceptions of ethical climate reduces interpersonal conflict, emotional burnout, turover intention, absenteeism and role stress. As seen, the relationship between ethical climate and many positive or negative variables have been investigated. However, the number of studies which investigates the mediating role of organizational commitment on the effect of ethical climate on job satisfaction and turnover intention is very limited. Another distinctive feature of this study is that for directly managers. As known a significant proportion of the researchs conducted to employees and very few of them directly target managers. The main purpose of the study is to reveal the mediating role of organizational commitment on the effect of ethical climate on job satisfaction and turnover intention. In this context, in order to reveal the relationship and the impact of that, an empirical research was conducted for managers at headquarters of a holding company in Ankara. The results provided that, ethical climate have significant and positive relation with organizational commitment and job satisfaction. At the same time significant and negative correlation was detected between ethical climate and turnover intention. Moreover ethical climate was explained a significant part of organizational commitment, job satisfaction and turnover intention. In the study two different models has been established to determine the mediating role of organizational commitment. According to the first model organizational commitment has no mediating effect on the effect of ethical climate on turnover intention. But according to the second model organizational commitment has complete mediating effect on the effect of ethical climate on job satisfaction. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 237-249 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-20 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/53 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:237-249 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Derya ÖZTÜRK Author-Email: deryaozturk@odu.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Author-Name: Züleyha YILMAZ Author-Email: zuleyhayilmaz52@gmail.com.tr Title: The Role of Eco-Efficiency in Competitive Advantage Of Businesses Abstract: Especially in recent years, parallel to the developments in technological fields accelerating globalization has brought about competition between businesses. Henceforward, they found themselves faced with the pressure of not only national competitors but also international competitors. To respond promptly to competitors in a competitive environment, to meet ever-changing customer expectations, and to use existing resources efficiently were forced businesses to create competitive advantage. The competitive advantage can shape depending on the decline in the costs and variety of the products. It is seen that, eco-efficiency and the impact of it to create competitive advantage are among the important issues for both businesses and researchers in these days. In this regard, to draw attention to the issue of creating a competitive advantage is intended through a study about the importance of eco-efficiency practices on the creation of competitive advantage for businesses. Thus, it is aimed that businesses in Turkey to have the stronger competition opportunities in both national and international market. First of all, in this study they are explained to the concept of competition, competitive advantage, and eco-efficiency, after the importance of the eco-efficiency on the creation of competitive advantages is emphasized. In this study, the case study method, which is one of the qualitative research methods was used as data collection tools. Web pages of the 34 business in Turkey and the world engaged eco-efficiency practices were examined between January 1, 2016 and February 10, 2016 by using content analysis method. As a result of this research, it was found that these businesses gained cost advantages by reducing the use of natural resources, water and electricity consumption with eco-efficiency practices, and also they were be more competitive in terms of differentiation strategies in marketing through the reduction of CO2 emissions, waste management and prevention of pollution. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 1-15 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-1 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/54 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:1-15 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fatma TETİK Author-Email: fatma.tetik@ahievran.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Author-Name: Adnan AKIN Author-Email: akin-adnan@hotmail.com Title: THE AWERENESS OF EMPLOYEES CONCERNING OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY TRAINING AND PRACTICES: A STUDY IN THE PROVINCE OF KIR?EH?R Abstract: In this study, the results of the analysis of the employees at the establishment where the survey was done in order to determine the awareness and attitudes of the employees according to the demographic characteristics of the employees were tested. The sample of the study consists of the 150 employees of the K?r?ehir Sugar Factory reached through the convenience sampling method in October 2015. The aim of the research is to determine to what degree the employees are informed regarding occupational health and safety training, which holds an important place in the working life and determine their awareness regarding this topic. Today, in line with the research carried out, it has been seen that occupational health and safety training and having an occupational health and safety expert present at workplaces are being given considerable importance by workplaces. However, when the literature in this field is examined, it was seen that there are an inadequate number of studies aimed at determining the effectiveness of the training provided and the awareness of the employees thereof and for this reason, an effort has been made in this study to make a contribution that will fill the void in the aforementioned topic. In addition, directing work aimed at taking the necessary measures and precautions according to results obtained from the study is another purpose. In the research done with a view to this end, a set of questions aimed at measuring the age, educational status, period of employment at the establishment and the awareness concerning occupational health and safety training and practices of the employees were analyzed using the SPSS 20.0 for Windows software package. As a result of the analysis, a significant difference was found between the educational status of the employees and the adequacy of the warning signs related to occupational safety at the workplace and the adequacy of the knowledge of the managment on the matter of occupational health and safety. Another significant difference seen that between the age of the employees and the belief that occupational health and safety affected working life. In addition, some proposals concerning theory and practice have been made with the purpose of contributing to other research in accordance with the results of the research. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 690-701 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-56 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/55 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:690-701 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Erdal ŞEN Author-Email: esen@gelisim.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Author-Name: Emel TOZLU Author-Email: etozlu@gelisim.edu.tr Author-Name: Hülya ATEŞOĞLU Author-Email: hatesoglu@gelisim.edu.tr Author-Name: Ali ÖZDEMİR Author-Email: aozdemir@marmara.edu.tr Title: The Effects of Work Stress on Cyberloafing Behavior in Higher Education Institutions Abstract: Today, work stress phenomenon is often brought to agenda due to high performance expectations of organizations and the increase of job and off the job problems of employees with rapid development of technology and increase of competition. While work stress has a positive effect on employees at a certain level, it may lead to negative results when it goes beyond this level. It is thought that the employees may tend towards loafing behavior as a result of work stress and these behaviors may enhance. Today, the most frequent loafing type which has come into our life is cyberloafing. Cyberloafing is that the employee uses the internet apart from the objectives of the organization within office hours. Social media is placed on the top with 78,8% of the individuals using internet within the first three months in 2014 in Turkey. As long as the policies for use of gradually increasing internet, computer and mobile devices are not determined, it becomes difficult to control cyberloafing activities. This uncontrollable power will cause productivity losses as long as it is not directed to organizational policies. In this study, it is aimed to analyze the effect of work stress on cyberloafing behavior based on the current literature and show the importance of it on the basis of higher education institutions. In the research, qualitative data will be evaluated by resorting to literature research as the quantitative method. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 523-535 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-42 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/56 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:523-535 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Adnan AKIN Author-Email: akin-adnan@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Author-Name: Mahmut ŞAYLIKAY Author-Email: mahmut210@gmail.com Author-Name: Mesut BIYAN Author-Email: mesutbiyan@gmail.com Author-Name: İbrahim BOZACI Author-Email: iborganizer@gmail.com Title: The Effect of Islamic Work Ethic on Alienation Abstract: It is clear that as a social phenomenon ??religion?? in the particular ???slam?? has a social, economic, cultural and political role in the life and action. A "religion" as "the demographic impact of the requirements of both sectors working life as reflections of Islam is different. Thus, islamic work ethic, based on the Quran and the Sunnah. All responsibility of works towards God who created everything. In this respect, islamic work ethic is extremely important to ensure internal control services in the workplace. On the other hand alienation is one's own ego, to abandon the social life, own around and can be defined as coming under the influence of this concept.Ali(1988) who studied ?Scaling an Islamic work ethic?and Naresh Kumar ve Raduan Che Rose (2010) who studied ?Examining the Link Between Islamic Work Ethic and Innovation Capability?, Blauner?s who studied ?? Alienation and freedom, The factory worker and his industry??, contribute to the literature of the islamic work ethic and alienation relationship. In this study, it is investigated relationship and its size of between these two variables on the teachers.In this context, the main objective of the study, on the basis of teachers, relationships, and taking from perspective of effect on the relationship with the islamic work ethic, alienation and the institutions they work for teachers islamic work ethic and alienation are to reveal the presence perceptions of the behavior of the research findings.In the study, face-to-face survey were performed from the primary data collection methods and islamic work ethic scale developed by A. Ali(1988) is used for the islamic work ethic scale. Alienation scale was used which is adapted by Blauner?s (1964) and used by Ölçer (2005) and Abay (2004) as alienation scale. The research data were obtained from teachers in Sivas. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 286-299 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-24 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/57 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:286-299 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Taylan Zeyrek Author-Email: taylan.zeyrek@bilgiedu.net Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Author-Name: İdil Işık Author-Email: idil.isik@bilgi.edu.tr Title: Training Need Analysis in the Organizations: An Assessment in Terms of Data Collection Methods Abstract: Training and development functions gain a more important position in the organisations day by day. Training need analysis plays a key role in structuring and applying the training processes. When the approaches of need analysis are examined, it is observed that common titles like subject and reason of the need, target groups, and reporting exist in many approaches. The data collection methods which are used for need analysis show differences according to the approach adopted. In this study, the aim is to examine the training need analysis in terms of two different methods. For this purpose, training need analysis was performed with two different approaches, and the results have been compared in terms of the perception of the participants. The study was performed with the employees from different layers of the organization with the qualitative methods such as interviews, focus group study, and the quantitative method like questionnaire, and tests. The questionnaire, interview and focus group study that are defined as the classical methods were used in the first study; and a psychometric test that is defined as modern method was used in the second study; and then the results from both analysis were compared. No prominent difference was found between these methods according to perceptions of the participants in the study. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 75-84 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-6 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/58 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:75-84 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Melisa Erdilek Karabay Author-Email: merdilek@marmara.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Author-Name: Meral Elçi Author-Email: emeral@gtu.edu.tr Title: Effect of Ethical Leadership on Burnout: Differences of Perceptions Among Public and Private Sector Employees Abstract: This research intends to examine the effects of the ethical leadership on burnout behavior along with the perception differences of the private and public sector employees. For this purpose, a survey has been applied to 2366 employees in total, which consist of different sectors such as finance, automotive, service, food, tourism and public services in the cities of ?stanbul and Kocaeli. According to the results, two dimensions of the ethical leadership have significant meaningful effect on emotional exhaustion. Whilst injustice as a dimension of the ethical leadership has a positive effect on emotional exhaustion, ethical guidance is in the contrary direction. There is no influence of the role clarification dimension on Emotional Exhaustion. The negative effect of all sub dimensions of the ethical leadership has been found on depersonalization sub-dimension. While the ethical leadership and role clarification are affecting the depersonalization in negative way, injustice is affecting the depersonalization in positive direction. Based on the T-Tests results, which was applied to understand the perception differences, public sector employees perceive their leaders as more injustice and they feel more burnout than the employess in private sector. In reverse, public sector employees perceive their leaders much more ethical guide and they think that their leaders pay much attention on defining their subordinates roles and responsibilities. There is no significant result between two sectors on depersonalization.The literature presents lack of evidence on effects of ethical ladership on burnout behavior. In this respect, this study intends to be a pioneer in providing contribution to the academic literature. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 563-578 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-45 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/59 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:563-578 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ekrem SÜZEN Author-Email: suzen@gelisim.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Author-Name: Işık AKIN Author-Email: iakin@gelisim.edu.tr Title: Contribution to the Organization of the Corporate Social Responsibility Practices: The Case Study of PTT Abstract: Starting from the concept of corporate social responsibility to the present and the recent past, the growing importance of a growing and evolving concept in that time period. Many surveys and studies have shown that the practice of corporate social responsibility when it comes to the success of a business is extremely important. For this reason, many businesses and consumers in order to reflect the best way to image your reputation has adopted corporate social responsibility practices. The previously observed social responsibility projects in the private sector while the public sector has begun to show itself in recent years. To adapt such practices to the public sector but do not display, and, thus, the public sector is experiencing difficulty in adaptation. In this study, first the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility and theoretical processes of infrastructure development were investigated. Then applications of the concept of Corporate Social Responsibility in the public sector were investigated. The aim of this research in the public area of personnel on the perspective of corporate social responsibility practices and corporate social responsibility to examine their views and thoughts. This study of public employees to the public sector think that there will be difficulties in implementing corporate social responsibility practices along with the adoption of corporate social responsibility reveals that it is a requirement. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 334-350 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-28 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/60 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:334-350 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ayşegül ÇARKCI Author-Email: aysegulcarkci@gumushane.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Author-Name: Göksel ATAMAN Author-Email: gataman@marmara.edu.tr Title: Impact of the Board Structure on Financial Performance by Stewardship Theory Perspective Abstract: The impact of the financial performance of the board structure is the focus of attention for many researchers. In the studies conducted in Turkey, the relationship between board structure and performance is mostly explained by agency theory perspective. In order to offer a different perspective from the literature, this study examines impact of the board structure on financial performance by agency theory perspective. At the same time, considering the context of Turkey ranked among developing countries, the question " either stewardship theory or agency theory explains board structure better" is meant to be answered. To achieve this goal, the research hypotheses developed from stewardship theory perspective in the light of secondary data obtained from 236 firms listed in the Public Disclosure Platform, a set of control variables taken into account, were tested with hierarchical regression analysis. Control variables are composed of firm size, sector, the share of the company's CEO, the share of insider director in the company except the CEO, proportion of female members and proportion of the same surname members in the board, the share of the largest shareholder in the company, the share of institutional investors and firm age. As a company performance indicators (ROA-Return on assets, ROE-Return on equity and ROS-Return on sales) three variables were used. The independent variables of the study is composed of proportion of inside director, CEO duality, board size, average age and average tenure. After the analysis, it was found assumptions of the agency theory more descriptive than stewardship theory for Turkey. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 151-164 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-13 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/61 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:151-164 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Burcu Özge ÖZASLAN ÇALIŞKAN Author-Email: ozaslan@istanbul.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Title: A Research About Comparing Burnout Levels of Different Working Groups Abstract: The concept of burnout that retains its importance at present as a subject studied in different cultures and different working groups can be defined as the feeling of physical and emotional exhaustion of workers, resulting of not being able to overcome the difficulty and stress of the job. In this study, the burnout level of the workers for being flight service employee or ground service employee is investigated. It is tried to determine that the burnout level of these two group are differentiated to each other. Furthermore, it is tried to indicated that if the the burnout level of the workers are differentiated according to various variables like age, gender, work experience, salary etc. The data collected by using Maslach Burnout Inventory are evaluated. The results related burnout, that is consisted of three sub-dimensions which are emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, low personal accomplishment, reached using the SPSS packed programme. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 609-621 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-49 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/62 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:609-621 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Himmet KARADAL Author-Email: hkaradal@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Author-Name: Ahmet Tuncay ERDEM Author-Email: ahmeterdem@selcuk.edu.tr Title: The Analysis of Perceptions of Organizational Justice, Organizational Citizenship and Organizational Trust: A Case Study of Selçuk University Abstract: Educational institutions are important for learning and education since they provide opportunities people to improve themselves. People are trained so that they integrate to the society with the help of these institutions. Especially universities play a vital role for the individual to learn a profession and acquire social status in the society. The target of this study is to analyze levels of organizational justice, organizational citizenship and organizational trust using demographic variables. There are 433 lecturers altogether at the campus of Selçuk University. To reach our target, data have collected randomly from 107 lecturers of Selçuk University. Statistical methods such as t-test, variance (ANOVA) analysis and Tukey-HSD are applied to the data collected. Statistical analysis has been made using IBM SPSS Statics 17.0 program. Various scales have been applied including ?organizational justice scale? (Donovan et al 1998), ?organizational citizenship behavior scale? (DiPaola et al 2005) and ?organizational trust scale? (Y?lmaz 2005). The research has shown that the perception of justice and trust differ by gender variable. On the other hand, no difference has been found concerning their perception on these three scales. Last but not least age difference plays a role regarding organizational citizenship perception of the lecturers whereas other variables do not differ according to our findings. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 409-420 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-33 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/63 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:409-420 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kağan Susuz Author-Email: comsusuz@gantep.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Title: The Legal Nature of Export Brokerage Agreements Abstract: Brokerage in export can take many different forms. The rights and liabilities of the parties in question through transactions vary depending on the legal nature of the transaction is made. Foreign trade companies in particular stand on the brokerage contracts used in exports over great significance. In this regard, the legal nature of the contract in question was studied through. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 204-211 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-17 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/64 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:204-211 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ceyda YERDELEN KAYGIN Author-Email: ceydayerdelen@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Author-Name: Tuncer YILMAZ Author-Email: yilmaz-tuncer@hotmail.com Author-Name: Erdoğan KAYGIN Author-Email: erdogankaygin@hotmail.com Title: A Study on Determining the Relationship Between Innovations And Financial Performance Abstract: This study aims to determine whether there is a significant relationship between innovations and financial performance using multiple regression analysis based on financial data included in annual balance sheets and income statements of Borsa Istanbul (BIST) listed firms with continuous data which display activity in the Metal, Goods, Construction and Machinery and Equipment Sectors during the 2010-2015 period. For this purpose, R&D expenses, intangible fixed assets, ratio of R&D expenses to operating expenses, and ratio of intangible fixed assets to total assets were used as independent variables, and return on equity, return on assets, gross profit to net sales ratio, operating profit to net sales ratio, net sales income, domestic sales income, foreign sales income, and net profit were used as dependent variables. A multiple linear regression and correlation analysis has revealed a significant relationship between independent variables and dependent variables except gross profit to net sales ratio. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 124-135 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-11 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/65 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:124-135 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Halim Kazan Author-Email: halim.kazan@istanbul.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Author-Name: , Ahmet Ergülen Author-Email: aergulen@konya.edu.tr Title: THE COMPARISON AND MEASUREMENT OF UNIVERSITY STUDENTS? PERCEIVED SERVICE QUALITY AND SATISFACTION TOWARDS TO THE EDUCATION THEY RECEIVE Abstract: Rapidly emerging developments in the field of education has affected the universities which take primary role among educational institutions, has competitively revealed the need of giving more importance to education in the universities and need of investing for it. The true reason of successes which is gained by education is utilizing the education effectively and efficiently. Education provides conventionally economic, social and cultural development together with individual development. In this study, a survey is conducted among the students in Ni?de University, in order to measure their satisfaction with the service quality, including the method of selection of population and the sampling, the research hypothesis (hypotheses that examine the relationship between demographic variables, hypotheses related to student satisfaction, hypotheses related to relationship between some certain demographic variables and service quality, physical characteristics, academics and applied programs).In addition, the data acquisition method and statistical methods to analyze the data are used. Service quality perceptions and satisfaction level of the students studying at the University of Ni?de, measured, compared and in addition the size of service quality and relationships between the quality of service and other variables are revealed. In the study, a survey is conducted by using Likert-5 scale in order to measure satisfaction with the quality of service of the 400 students who are currently being educated in the faculties, junior colleges and vocational schools within the University of Ni?de, forming the sample of the survey and the data is analyzed by SPSS software package. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 670-689 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-55 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/66 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:670-689 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Yunus ZENGİN Author-Email: yunuszengin@kafkas.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Author-Name: Erdoğan KAYGIN Author-Email: yunuszengin@kafkas.edu.tr Title: Examining the Relationship Between Burnout Syndrome and Presenteeism (Existing-Nonexisting at Work): The Example of SSI (Social Security Institution (SGK)) in Kars Abstract: While by development of communication, relations at working life become intense and complicated, problems that cause negations amd problems to be solved both for individuals and businesses appear. The problems among them arr burnout syndrome which is defined as individual?s feeling himself/herself weak in an emotional way, not caring manager, colleague, customers and believing her/his being unsuccessful, and presenteeism which especially expresses individual?s going to work even when they have health problems and their being unproductive. As the human factor is the most important factor for businesses and institutions, it is seen that these are the topics to be analyzed and it is chosen as a research subject because it is thought that both factors can affect each other. The aim of this study is to determine the relation between burnout syndrome and presenteeism (existing/nonexisting at work). By considering this, the other aim of this study is to find whether there are differences in aspects of demographical variances. A questionaire is applied to workers at Kars Social Security Institution data in paralel with the aim of study. A meaningful relation is seen between desensitisation which is a sub-dimension of burnout syndrome and presenteeism after analysis done. Besides, differences about aspects of demographical variances are identified. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 487-500 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-39 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/67 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:487-500 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Şerife Alev UYAL Author-Email: alevuysal@akdeniz.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Author-Name: Rukiye ÇELİK Author-Email: bursa-84@hotmail.com Title: A Qualitative Research on Hubristic Behaviors of Managers Abstract: Hubris is assessed as a syndrome by Owen, is a concept focuses on link between desire to power and abnormal behavior. Hubris is known as divine ego is also disease. This disease is observed in managers and leaders is a power toxication or arrogance syndrome. Researches about hubris shows that hubristic behavior has a negative impact on risky desicions and company performance. Hubristic behavior is also affecting the organization success. So these kind of behaviors is important for organization. The aim of this study is have the managers hubrsi syndrome, how hubristic behavior affect the junior and their performance. With this aim; 31 junior was interviewed structured interviews. The answers were subjected content analysis. According to participants? statements, at least three hubristic behaviors were observed for saying the mojority of managers have hubris syndrome. In addition; juniors feel humiliated, have fear making mistake because of they don?t appreciated. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 274-285 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-23 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/68 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:274-285 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Murat KAYALAR Author-Email: murat.kayalar@ikc.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Author-Name: Savaş YILDIZ Author-Email: savas.yildiz@ikc.edu.tr Title: Toward to Real Gain With Virtual Venture: Avapreneurship Abstract: Thanks to the developments in technology, internet has become an indispensable part of daily life since the 1990?s. Depending on the developments over the time, the usage purpose of internet has gained diversity and spending time in virtual worlds has become one of the purpose of internet usage. Today, millions of people from around the world spend time in virtual worlds with different concepts. To exist in the virtual worlds that vary according to the pereferences, people create virtual identities called ?avatar? in addition to their real identities. Increasing number of the people spending time in virtual worlds which of them are like reflection of real life (such as Second Life), lead to some other developments. The big companies exiting in different parts of the world have begun to take place in vurtual wordls such as Second Life, after realising the importance of the virtual worlds. Second life is especially chosen for this study. Second life is suitable for entrepreneurship because of the possibilities that Second Life let its users do such as produce goods or services, open bussinesses and converting the virtual money into real money. Objective of this borad literature review based study is to evaluate the opportunities which are directing people to be enrtreperenurs in virtual life whether he/she is entrepreneur in real life or not. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 16-26 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-2 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/69 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:16-26 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ümit Behrem Author-Email: umit.behrem@istanbul.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Author-Name: Serdar Bozkur Author-Email: sbozkurt@yildiz.edu.tr Title: A Study Related to Investigation of the Effects of Big Five Factor Model on Counterproductive Work Behaviors with Mediating Role of Organizational Justice Abstract: The aim of this study is to determine causes of counterproductive work behaviors that encountered in labor life frequently. Within this framework big five factor model and organizational justice perception were taken as main causes. A State University?s School of Business academicians constituted this study?s population. Data was taken 40 academicians who were chosen in this population. End of the study, a negative and middle correlation was found between openness to experience as a dimension of big five factor model with counterproductive work behaviors. There was no significant correlation determined between other dimensions of the big five factor model with counterproductive work behaviors. Also mediating role of organizational justice in effects of big five factor model on counterproductive work behaviors was investigated and there was no significant effect determined. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 536-542 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-43 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/70 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:536-542 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Prof. Dr. Tamer BOLAT Author-Email: tbolat@balikesir.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Author-Name: Assist. Yahya KATI Author-Email: yahyakati@gmail.com Title: The Relationship Between Political Skill and Career Success: The Mediating Effect of Leader-Member Exchange Abstract: Political skill which can be described as the ability to understand others in organization by observing them, to influence others effectively, to adjust his/her behaviors to changing situations, to develop networks with people, and to appear to others as being sincere (Blass and Ferris, 2007,9), has drawn considerable attention from scholars in recent years. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether there is a significant effect of the political skill and the quality of leader-member exchange on the career success. The sample of the study is branch banks in Bal?kesir and Bursa. The datas were collected through questionnaires. In this frame, three hundred twenty five questionnaires were analyzed. The results of the study showed that the political skill has a significantlly positive effect on the quality of leader-member exchange (? = 0.392, p < 0.01) and career success (? = 0.412, p < 0.01). On the other hand, the quality of leader-member exchange influences the employees? career successes positively (? = 0.149, p < 0.01). Besides, it was found that the quality of leader-member exchange has a mediating effect on the relationship between political skill and career success. It can be said that, those employees who are politically skilled and have high quality relations with their supervisors, have high career successes. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 351-364 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-29 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/71 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:351-364 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Cem Harun MEYDAN Author-Email: chmeydan@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Author-Name: Memduh BEGENİRBAŞ Author-Email: mbegenirbas@kho.edu.tr Author-Name: Muharrem TUNA Author-Email: muharrem@gazi.edu.tr Title: The Effect of an Individual's Self-Construal on Self-Leadership Behavior Abstract: In this study, the effect of an individual?s self-construal on self-leadership is examined. In this context, it is tried to reveal the relations among the three sub-dimensions of self-construal and four sub-dimensions of self-leadership. The study was conducted through data collected from 322 individuals studying at tourism faculty of a university. The relations between variables are presented by correlation and effects by regression analyses. The validity of scales are measured with structural equation model (AMOS 21). As a result of the findings, it is seen that individual?s self-construal has significant effects on their self-leadership. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 115-123 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-10 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/72 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:115-123 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Nazife ÖZTÜRK Author-Email: nazife_sahan@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Author-Name: Şerife Alev UYSAL Author-Email: nazife_sahan@yahoo.com Author-Name: Rukiye ÇELİK Author-Email: bursa-84@hotmail.com Title: Hospital Managers' Opinions About Performance Measurement in Their Registered Hospitals: Antalya Sample Abstract: There is no one measurement can show the hospital performance with details because of the measurement of hospital performance is multi-dimensional concept and structure. Hospital performance is classified into four group as usage indicators, performance dimensions indicators, financial indicators and resource basic indicators. The aim of this study is to determine the hospital managers? views about quality, hospital, cost and financial performance in hospital. With this aim a survey was implemented to chief physician, deputy chief physician, hospital director and deputy director in 14 public hospitals and a university hospital are founded in Antalya. Study?s survey consist of 20 questions and 4 dimensions that are cost, hospital, financial and quality dimensions. Managers are in public hospitals have top average of quality dimension and managers are in university hospital have top average of hospital performance. Besides, managers are the other health staff consider important the performance than the other managers. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 622-633 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-50 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/73 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:622-633 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Harun YILDIZ Author-Email: dryildizharun@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Title: The Investigat?on of Psychological Ownership Which Is A Positive Attitude According to Gender: A Study of It Sector Employees Abstract: The development of psychological ownership has advanced slowly in the literature because psychological ownership is usually confused with organizational commitment. Besides, the relationships between psychological ownership and different variables have examined in past studies, but the studies on individual differences such as gender has been rather limited in the national and international literature. Therefore, studies related to psychological ownership is expected to contribute to the literature. In this respect, the main research question of this study is ?does the psychological ownership level of employees differ from their gender?? In this study, the relationship between psychological ownership, which is a positive attitude, and gender has been explained in light of the Social Role Theory. The findings show that the level of psychological ownership of men is statistically higher than the women participants. Managerial and practical implications are provided. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 421-428 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-34 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/74 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:421-428 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Oya Aytemiz SEYMEN Author-Email: seymenoy@yahoo.com Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Author-Name: Taşkın KILIÇ Author-Email: taskinkilic79@hotmail.com Author-Name: Oğuzhan KİNTER Author-Email: oguzhankinter@yahoo.com.tr Title: Detailed Conceptual Analysis and Measurement of Organizational Blindness (Organizational Myopia): An Evaluation Through the Developed Scale Abstract: As a medical term, blindness is described by the World Health Organization as ?a status of only having 1/20 of regular vision or less among all creatures after taking all adjustments into account? (WHO, 2015). On the other hand, based on this description, traces of blindness investigated as ?bodily impairment specific to creatures? in health sciences can be faced at organizational level as well. The purpose of the present study is to bring the concept into Turkish literature by developing a Turkish scale for definition of organizational blindness concept which has not been adequately investigated within the relevant literature from the theoretical and empirical aspects, determination its dimensions, antecedents, consequences and its measurement. Conceptual section of the study was structured by utilizing limited number of studies reported in the relevant literature. Within the scope of development of the scale, the surveys consisted of 28 expressions and four sub-dimensions were prepared by taking dimensions used by Catino (2013) who wrote the book with title of ?Organizational Myopia? and by consulting specialists to measure organizational blindness; then their validity analysis was conducted through a pilot application. The survey was conducted face-to-face through convenience sampling method with 231 employees from the energy industry and another 231 from the health industry. Obtained findings were analyzed through the LISREL and the SPSS software. Finally, a scale for measuring organizational blindness concept which has only been considered by limited number of studies in management literature. Based on the analyses in the present study, it was determined that organizational blindness is composed of four different sub-dimensions, ?type of personality, degree of routineness, organization structure and industry structure?. On the other hand, based on the comparison of organizations included in the scope of the study in terms of organizational blindness, it was found regarding the four sub-dimensions of the concept that health employees have higher blindness perception with respect to energy industry employees. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 212-222 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-18 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/75 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:212-222 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ceyda YERDELEN KAYGIN Author-Email: ceydayerdelen@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Author-Name: Tuncer YILMAZ Author-Email: yilmaz-tuncer@hotmail.com Author-Name: Erdoğan KAYGIN Author-Email: erdogankaygin@hotmail.com Title: A Study on Determining the Relationship Between Innovations And Financial Performance Abstract: This study aims to determine whether there is a significant relationship between innovations and financial performance using multiple regression analysis based on financial data included in annual balance sheets and income statements of Borsa Istanbul (BIST) listed firms with continuous data which display activity in the Metal, Goods, Construction and Machinery and Equipment Sectors during the 2010-2015 period. For this purpose, R&D expenses, intangible fixed assets, ratio of R&D expenses to operating expenses, and ratio of intangible fixed assets to total assets were used as independent variables, and return on equity, return on assets, gross profit to net sales ratio, operating profit to net sales ratio, net sales income, domestic sales income, foreign sales income, and net profit were used as dependent variables. A multiple linear regression and correlation analysis has revealed a significant relationship between independent variables and dependent variables except gross profit to net sales ratio. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 124-135 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/76 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:124-135 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Habibe Güngör Author-Email: habibegungor@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Author-Name: , Selçuk Çapuk Author-Email: selcukcapuk@gmail.com Title: Critical Approach for Cynicism Abstract: Cynicism is a interdisciplinary concept which has become indispensable part of flexible, fast, compatible, always innovative, non-routine, including risks and changeable modern society. Traditional cynical prefer to be cynical in the way of being away from all kinds of values of civilization and they believe that a cynical refuse should society rules for being virtuous; Similarly modern cynical is critical of the society or organization and they exhibit negative attitudes of it. The most distinctive feature of the modern cynical and traditional cynical is despite of being in negative attitudes towards social community or organization, they still continue to take part in it. In fact, the traditional cynical manifest a natural and simple life; modern cynical wear mask that looks like they are compatible with the community or organizations. The majority of modern people who spend their lives in hospital, school,etc. with the system postponing the saturation and focusing on making money that produces more resistance areas such cynicism. This study is intended to argue that cynicism is not only a wrong needs to be corrected as seen by the administrative investigation but also it is a defense mechanism against exploitation in the post-modern society as seen by the critical perspective. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 652-659 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-53 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/77 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:652-659 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ayten Çetin Author-Email: acetin@marmara.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Author-Name: Emrah Keleş Author-Email: emrah.keles@marmara.edu.tr Title: Findings and Discussion Related to the Impacts of IFRS/TFRS Adoption Abstract: International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) are implemented in many countries to strenghten the integration of capital markets, enable transparency and comparability of financial reports. Nevertheless, it is aimed to form set of high quality reporting standards. European Union requires the firms of member countries to adopt IFRS. In our country, publicly held companies have been required to adopt Turkish Financial Reporting System (TFRS), which is identical with UFRS, since 2008. Many firms have started to adopt voluntarily before the mandatory adoption date of IFRS, whereas others have done after mandate. In this study, the effects of local IFRS adoption in the world and TFRS adoption in Turkey are examined in three main topics, harmonisation, accounting quality and capital markets. Findings for the effects of voluntarily and mandatory adoption on comparability are mixed. By contrast, it is possible to document results such as increase in transparency and quality of earnings, more value relevance, more timely loss recognition, less earning management. Strong evidences for positive impact on equity and debt markets efficiency are also observed. Having benefits of recent papers related to the effects of IFRS/TFRS adoption, this study contribute the literature with regard to suggesting insights about the direction of future studies and fields with research need as well as classification it makes. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 466-477 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-37 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/78 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:466-477 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Kadir Kockiran Author-Email: kadir.kockiran@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Author-Name: Assistant Prof. Pinar Yildirim Author-Email: pinar.yildirim@bilgi.edu.tr Title: Are We What We Consume? Abstract: This study aims to understand why people prefer luxury brands and explore the psychological needs underlying such preferences. The results are analyzed on the basis of consumer self concept and social identity. The role of brand image and brand perceptions on luxury consumption is also examined. In depth-interviews were conducted with 13 people, both male and female, between the ages of 19 and 33. Our results suggest that the main reason people prefer luxury brands is because these brands help them satisfy their ego needs as well as social needs. Luxury brands act as symbolic tools that enable the user to feel superior and privilaged. Participants revealed that the pleasure and happiness induced by luxury brand ownership boost their self-confidence and subsequently led them to being appreciated by other people, including the people in their business environment. The participants also stated that they percieved strong associations between luxury brand ownership and higher educational level and higher cultural status. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 250-263 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-21 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/79 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:250-263 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tahsin AKÇAKANAT Author-Email: tahsinakcakanat@sdu.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Author-Name: Ömer Lütfi ANTALYALI Author-Email: omer_antalyali@yahoo.com Title: Do Students Need Academic Anxiety and Motivation for Success? Abstract: In this study, the relation between school success and academic anxiety and motivations of health management students are researched. The sample of the research consists of 102 first grade students of Süleyman Demirel University at Health Management Deparment. In the study ?Academic Motivation Scale? which is developed by Vallerand at al (1992) and of which adaptation to Turkish is made by Karagüven (2012) is used with the purpose of measuring academic motivation level and ?Research Anxiety Scale? which is developed by Büyüköztürk (1997) is used to measure academic anxiety level of students. Academic motivation is concluded to be formed by the inner motivation, external motivation, prove oneself and lack of motivation as consequence of the Factor Analysis. As for academic concern, it has resulted in a single factor structure. Academic anxiety level of the participants is determined ?low? and they are motivated rather externally. The relationship between school success and research anxiety of students couldn?t have been established. And only inner motivation of all motivation sources is seemed to be related with school success at a certain level. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 27-38 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-3 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/80 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:27-38 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hakan ÇELİK Author-Email: hakan.celik@bilecik.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Author-Name: Rıdvan KOCAMAN Author-Email: ridvan.kocaman@bilecik.edu.tr Title: The Impacts of Descriptive Norms on the Acceptance of Online Retail Stores Abstract: Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) has been applied to study customer's purchase intentions and actual purchase behaviours from online retail vendors by the researchers. UTAUT, conceived to predict the mandatory adoption of office technologies, posits social influences as an individual's perception that the important others think he/she should use an information technology artefact and motivation to comply with the shared social meaning of its use because of its promising social rewards and punishments. When UTAUT has been extended to online shopping context, the social pressure conceptualized in terms injunctive norms has become an inconsistent construct. On the other hand, it was found that an individual's perception what is commonly done around he/she forms the descriptive norms and these norms also motivate the focal behaviour by providing evidence of what is likely to adaptive. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the influences of descriptive norms on the acceptance of online retail store fronts. In order to test the hypothesized effects, a sample of 483 Turkish online shoppers using the biggest general merchandise online retailer in Turkey, 'hepsiburada.com', was surveyed by employing a self-administrated paper and pencil survey. The snowball sampling technique was preferred to form the study sample. The Partial Least Squares (PLS) was used for the identification and evaluation of the research model. The results indicated that descriptive norms also exert positive direct influences on behavioural intention construct simultaneously with injunctive norms. However, the regarded influences seem to be stronger than that of injunctive norms. The moderating effects of age and experience on descriptive norm-behavioural intention link were found to be significant too. The contributions of study results to both theory and practice were discussed at the end of the paper. Finally, it was provided some directions for the prospective research. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 543-562 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-44 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/81 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:543-562 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Lutfiye Özdemir Author-Email: lutfiye.ozdemir@inonu.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Author-Name: R. Vedat Sönmez Author-Email: rvsonmez@gmail.com Title: The Impact of Organizational Culture on Innovation and A Research Abstract: Innovation concept with a brief description is to create added value as a result of using in a new production, production process, marketing methods, or in management activities. The culture of organization bringing a basic character to an organization, differing it from others and defined as common attitudes, beliefs and behaviors of employees is essential because of promoting innovation activities in the organization, preparing a suitable environment or preventing innovative work. The main purpose of the study is to determine the effect of organizational culture on the innovation. In other words, its aim is to determine the type of culture that dominates the organizations, to specify the effect of four basic dimensions as vision, participation, adaptability and consistency of organizational culture classification we take into consideration in this research made by Denison on the innovation of product, marketing, and strategy, and to reveal which dimensions of organizational culture promote or prevent innovation activities. Moreover, its purpose is to contribute to literature about the research. Our study is conducted with 245 managers working in enterprises operating in the industrial zone in Gaziantep. As a data collection tool, survey is used. In the analysis of data, firstly factor analysis is applied, for the sub-dimensions of the factors, correlation analysis is used, and finally multiple regression analysis is made. As a result, it is found out that the dimensions of participation, adaptation and consistency have a positive effect on process innovation; the dimensions of vision and participation in work have positive effect on product innovation; the dimension of adaptability has a positive effect on marketing innovation, and finally the dimensions of participation in work and adaptability have a positive effect on strategy innovation. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 320-333 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-27 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/82 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:320-333 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Himmet KARADAL Author-Email: hkaradal@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Author-Name: Turgut Emre AKYAZI Author-Email: hkaradal@gmail.com Author-Name: Gözde SUNMAN Author-Email: gozdesunman@gmail.com Author-Name: Kübra GÜVENÇ Author-Email: kubraguvenc.kbgv@gmail.com Author-Name: Mehmet Fatih KOCA Author-Email: fatihkoca_38@yahoo.com Title: A Research on the Moderating Role of Organizational Commitment on the Effect of Empowerment on Whistleblowing Abstract: In today?s knowledge society, organizations that are aware of the importance of human resources and are able to manage it effectively are more likely to have competitive advantage against their opponents. Empowerment is defined as ?the development of feeling of self-efficacy in employees through determining the factors that cause the feeling of weakness and eliminating that feeling by organizational practices intended to strengthen the feeling of efficacy (Conger and Kanungo, 1988, 471). Besides, the employees are able to undertake responsibility and authorization related to the specific duties and feel the freedom to make their own decisions regarding the job. Hence, an employee with high organization commitment will have a happier and more peaceful work environment and work for the organization?s interests, and therefore s/he will be proud of being a member of that organization (Do?an and Demiral, 2009, 47). Likewise, employees with high organization commitment are expected not to avoid conveying unethical actions to their superiors in order to protect organizational interests. In this respect, the purpose of this study is to determine whether empowerment and organizational commitment has an effect on employees? whistleblowing behavior. The literature review has revealed that there is plenty of research on empowerment and organizational commitment. However, no studies that elaborate on the moderating effect of organizational commitment on the relationship between empowerment and whistleblowing have been found in the literature. Consequently, this study is expected to contribute to relevant literature. The data of the study were obtained from a firm that operates in the food sector and is located in Nev?ehir Organized Industrial Site. The firm currently employs 340 people. The findings of the study revealed that empowerment has a positive and meaningful effect on whistleblowing behavior (R= 0,403, p= 0,000). In addition, it was also found out that organizational commitment has a moderating role on the relationship between empowerment and whistleblowing. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 106-114 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-9 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/83 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:106-114 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Tahsin AKÇAKANAT Author-Email: tahsinakcakanat@sdu.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Author-Name: Ömer Lütfi ANTALYALI Author-Email: omer_antalyali@yahoo.com Title: Mediating Effect of Instrumental Ethical Climate for the Impact of Intimidation Tactic on LMX Loyalty Dimension Abstract: The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of intimidation tactic as a dimension of impression management, on loyalty exchange and to determine whether instrumental ethical climate perception has a mediating role on this effect. The research was designed to demonstrate the correlations among the model variables. The data analyses were made by using SPSS18 and AMOS16 package programs through the questionnaires collected from the participants. The research which was carried out with four hundred participants? data collected by using an accidental questionnaire methodology depicted that intimidation tactic use has a positive significant effect on loyalty interaction and instrumental climate has partial mediating role on this effect. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 27-38 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-3 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/84 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:27-38 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ferda Şule KAYA Author-Email: kaya.s2565@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Title: Study for Searching Relations with University Students for Their Level of Self-Efficiency in Entrepreneurship and Social Gender Role Relations Abstract: This study researches university students for their level of self-efficacy in entrepreneurship and social gender role relations . In other words; is there a relation between self-efficacy for enterpreneurship and social expectations for different genders ? Reserach mainly trying to find out how social values understood by the young people in general and how gender roles are defined in private. This study searches for enterpreneurship of university students who will fulfil the main role in the country?s development. ?t is also important to know how young girls define theirselves who will be the educated women of the future. This study uses Jill ve Robert S D'Intino, (2005), ?Measure for Measure, Modeling Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy onto Instrumental Tasks Within the New Venture Creation Process? which was adapted to Turkish by Naktiyok (2009) and ?Development and Psychometric properties gender roles attitude scale? by Zeynelo?lu 2011 . Sample group forms of 250 university students from different universities. Findings evaluated as per gender and whether subjects wants a new venture. When we examine the results, have seen positive effect in ?dealing with the un-expected risk? especially in conventional male subjects in high results in ?new venture creation? scale. As for the social gender roles ; man when compared with women have high scores in sub dimensions in istatistical point avarage. When asked for ?who is the leader of the family? generally ?shared decision making? is the answer. This group also has high scores for sub dimension of ?equality gender role?. As a result it is remarkable to see traditional gender point of view has higher scores for dealing with the unexpected risk compared to the equal gender role point of view. This may make us think that traditional point of view is better in dealing with the risks. Another result is , woman generally wants to generation and egual gender roles attitude together. This shows that women do not want to share the economic responsibility Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 396-408 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-32 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/85 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:396-408 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hale Eda AKDURU Author-Email: geceeda@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Author-Name: Fatih SEMERCİÖZ Author-Email: fsemerci@istanbul.edu.tr Title: The Relationship Between Ethical Leadership And Positive Psychological Capital in Firms: A Research in Usak City Abstract: It is well known that the management is basically a job of making decisions to achieve firm?s goals. The convictions the manager has about what is right or wrong within the processes held around all organization- which can be called as ethical leadership style- is very important for the decision process. The employees who are the implementors of these decisions are under psychological impact. The emotional moods of employees ends up with efficiency, debate in absenteeism rate, job satisfaction, dedication, involvement and so on. Consequently, as it is a reality that the psychological conditions affect employees? work within an organization, the leadership style which involves being honest, fair, values- oriented, trustful ? shortly called as ethical leaderhip style, determines the employee to have positive psychological capital components (hope, optimism, self- efficacy, resiliency) which is very important for the success of the firm. With this research, the relationship between ethical leadership style, positive psychological capital, its degree and direction is researched. The data is collected from a sample which has a Tourism Management Voucher in Usak. The survey is analysed with some statiscally methods and as a result we can say that there is a relationship between the manager?s ethical leadership style and the optimism, hope, resiliency but on the contrary there is not a meaningful relationship between the ethical leadership and self- efficacy. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 181-189 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-15 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/86 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:181-189 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mehmet Çağrı Gündoğdu Author-Email: cagri@cagrigundogdu.com.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Title: The Concept of Power in Organizations ?Factors Influencing the Distribution of Power, and Strategies for Obtaining and Maintaining Power? Abstract: This proceeding intends to highlight the concept of power in organizations, which is located at the hub of business and management area, by scrutinizing the sources of power and the factors influencing the distribution of power, and also the strategies for obtaining and maintaining power. Organizations play a crucial role by serving as the core structural units of the management world. Likely, the concept of power resembles the circulatory system of the human body. The flow of power within the organization has a vital significance such as the circulation of blood. Thus, understanding the elements that affect the dispersion of power, will consequently clarify the sources of power in organizations and/or vice versa. In addition to this, the need to comprehend the strategies developed in order to achieve and sustain power, has made the issue obligatory to be examined via an academic perspective in an interdisciplinary framework. Eventually, in any case, where the terms management and strategy are used; an organization, serving as a catalyst to attain specific goals, and certain power related to that organization, will be mentioned. As an academic and also a businessman, who believes in the assumption which points out a tiny group of people periodically coming together around a round table to manage the world, my interest towards the issue of power, is much stronger than the materials presented under the umbrella of this limited paper. Possibly, behind this motivation, the will to obtain power might be hidden. In other words, experiencing the feeling of being powerful, exercising power, putting power in hand? Power must be something like that, Something that attracts people, something that begins where the mind is gone? Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 660-669 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-54 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/87 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:660-669 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Rukiye ÇELİK Author-Email: bursa-84@hotmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Title: An Uptrend: Cognitively Evaluation of Inconspicuous Consumption Phenomenon Abstract: According to Brooks, for not appearing of materialistic person or masses, according to Davis for differantiating themselves from nouveau-riches, wealthy people and educated elites prefer the less visible goods. ?t is a kind of upper class communication by preferring the good without logo which is differantiating themselves from low social strate said by Bourdieu. Many luxury brands who are aware of inconspicuous consumption tendency hide their logos. For example; Louis Vuitton put a vague letter ?V? in goods? designs instead of visible and easily recognized logo. Inconspicuous consumption which has conspicuous purpose in basic is overthrowing the conspicous sonsumption that means negative emulation. The aim of this stduy is to explain the inconspicuous consumption concept which is quite new concept with other concepts that is linked to inconspicuous consumption. With this aim, inconspicuous consumption concept have analyzed and discussed at philosophical ground with consumer behavior, identity and status concepts are in cause-effect relationship with inconspicous consumption. In this descriptive study mean exploring what are the causes underlying the concept and the associated concepts, datas from available documents are analysed in depth. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 478-486 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-38 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/88 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:478-486 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Hazal K. ALAY Author-Email: hazal.genc@nisantasi.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Author-Name: F. Gülruh GÜRBÜZ Author-Email: gulruh@marmara.edu.tr Title: A Study on the Relat?onship Between Organizational Climate and Mobbing Behaviors at the Workplace Abstract: In today?s world the business world carry an appearance, in which it is experienced fast social and cultural transformations, where transformation and competitiveness are highly perceived, and the organizational life brings the individuals into inextricable crises. These fast changes bring out the individual performances and employees show great efforts to keep their jobs. These efforts cause organizational conflicts to increase. While part of these conflicts support the organizational development, some of them plays a role triggering destructive behaviors between employees. One of the destructive behaviors seen is mobbing. Mobbing is defined as trying to make generally one individual feel themselves needy and vulnerable because of one or more individuals implementing systematic unethical and unfriendly behaviors for at least 6 months (Leyman, 1996). Especially, role conflict, low satisfaction level towards managers, the level of participating in decision making related to the work and the perception of organizational climate are thought to be related to mobbing. In this context, according to the perception of primary school teachers, the relationship between climate and mobbing has been researched. Also, in the perception of climate and mobbing how various variables (gender, age, marital status, business tenure, educational status) differ is examined. The study has been executed with 361 teachers working in primary schools located in Batman and ?stanbul. To gather the data, personal information form, organizational climate scale (Yahyagil, 2003; Litwin and Stringer, 1996) and mobbing scale (Einersen and Helga, 2004) have been used. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS (11), a software package. According to the results, it has been found that between the perception of climate of the employees and the mobbing there is a negative way relationship. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 264-273 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-22 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/89 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:264-273 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Daghan DOGAN Author-Email: daghan.dogan@tubitak.gov.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Author-Name: Hayriye Senem GOL BESER Author-Email: senemgol@yeditepe.edu.tr Title: Classification of Characteristics of Project Managers of a Government Research Center in Turkey Abstract: The purpose of this study is to classify the characteristics of project managers of a government research center in Turkey. The traits identified in the literature were condensed into seven distinct skills and attributes, leadership ability, communication skill, decision making skill, administrative skill, coping ability, analytical thinking, and technical competence. The importance of this study theoretically, is to state characteristics and classification of project managers of a government research center in Turkey. Since project management literature mainly deals with selection criteria and performances of project managers, this study is important to close the gap in the literature. In this study, descriptive research is used as a pre-cursor to quantitative research designs, and sampling unit will be among the project managers working in state agencies, and in the research and development center. Data are collected through quantitative methods employing systematic standardized approach via survey. The results taken from the questionnaires are evaluated by SPSS 23.0 for windows statistics software. Data analysis included frequency tables of demographic properties of participators, factor analysis, validity and reliability tests, correlation, T-Test and one-way ANOVA. The results of the analysis will shed light for future studies on the comparison of project management personal attributes in different sectors. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 39-59 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-4 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/90 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:39-59 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Merve Nur MERT ŞENCAN Author-Email: mervesencan@sdu.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Title: Turkish Type Leader Profile: A Qualitative Research on Academics Abstract: The first academic studies of leadership evaluated leadership with dimensions thought to be universal. However, these studies have originated in America and are shaped by that culture. In recent years intercultural leadeship studies have revealed a different perspective. These studies have shown that there is cultural diversities about leadership traits and behaviors. In this context, this study was conducted to answer the question ?Is it possible to talk about Turkish Type Leader concept by bringing together the behavior dimensions and expectations which come out by the effect of the cultural structure??. In this study emic aproach is considirated appropriate. The scope of the research interviews with academicians who are experts in their field were performed. The personality characteristics and behaviours which a Turkish type leader should have were evaluated. It has also been studied Turkish type leader?s characteristics and behaviours. Data were analyzed using content analysis of qualitative research methods. According to the findings, it has been determined that with the impact of the cultural and historical characteristics there may be a concept of Turkish Type Leader. Turkish Type leader has an authoritarian and decisive personality, he asks the opinions of his subordinates, but he makes the final decision and expect them to honour his decision while acting like a father to them. He is protecting a certain hierarchical limit. According to the participants the best leader fits to the concept of Turkish Type Leader was identified as Mehmet the Conqueror. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 501-513 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-40 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/91 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:501-513 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Murat Yolsal Author-Email: muratyolsal@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Author-Name: Ahu Tuğba Karabulut Author-Email: tkarabulut@ticaret.edu.tr Title: The Effects of Characteristics and Types of Resources of Companies on Types of Their Strategic Alliances Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to explore the effects of characteristics and types of resources of companies on types of their strategic alliances. This study which is a prior study of an empirical study which will be conducted in the near future has a limited theoretical scope. The two proposals of this study is as follows, (1) Resource characteristics of a company affects its strategic alliance type; (2) Resource types of a company affects its strategic alliance type. Findings of this paper are as follows, (1) Companies which have strategic alliances would like to have resources which have imperfect mobility, imperfect imitability, imperfect substitutability to gain competitive advantages. Companies which want to get the advantage of strategic alliance and protect their critical resources could prefer property-based resources; (2) Property-based resources can be more exploited than knowledge-based resources. Thus, when companies have or would like to have both property-based resources and knowledge-based resources, they could prefer equity-based strategic alliances; (3) Companies which have strategic alliances evaluate all of their resources. Thus, they can be dominant in strategic alliances. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 300-311 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-25 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/92 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:300-311 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zafer Aykanat Author-Email: zaferaykanat@ardahan.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Author-Name: Tayfun Yıldız Author-Email: tayfunyildiz@ardahan.edu.tr Title: Examining the Evolvement of Entrepreneurship Papers in Management Literature Using Bibliometric Analysis and Scientific Mapping Methods Abstract: This study aims to investigate the evolvement process of the concept of entrepreneurship worldwide from 1970 to up till now. The study analyzes and interprets how entrepreneurship studies change and evolve using bibliometric analysis and scientific mapping method. On the one hand, bibliometric analysis involves detailed information about scientific papers including the origin country, author(s), cooperation between authors, citations, references, institutions, and publication year. On the other hand, scientific mapping is a method that concentrates to determine the specific research areas of a scientific field and the evolvement process of the underlying areas. In other words, the purpose of scientific mapping is to depict the structural and dynamic appearance. This study shows how many scientific papers were published in Web of Science (WoS) database between the sample period of 1970-2015 and exhibits the distribution of the corresponding papers regarding the scope of journals and keywords. Thus, this paper aims to put forward the subject differentiation affecting entrepreneurship related papers in management literature. Results reveal that there was an increase on the number of publications after 2006. Regarding a country-based observation, the US and the UK ranked first and second with 2,637 and 1,081 scientific papers, respectively, whereas China takes the third place with 566 scientific papers. Particularly, Turkey takes 26th place with 78 scientific papers which refers to 0.97% share of all papers worlwide. A scientific mapping approach with respect to two different periods between 2001-2015 indicates the appearance of a thematic change. This thematic change has been emerged as the prominence and and draw back of some associated papers. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 96-105 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-8 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/93 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:96-105 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: AYLİN ERDOĞDU Author-Email: aylinerdogdu@arel.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Title: Guiding Factors of Credit Volume on Banking Sector Abstract: Bank loans are one of the most important financial source for business in the world and Turkey.Banks has two main functions; to collect deposits and to supply credit.Banks activities funds are based on outsourcing as differences from others companies. They take risks by supplying capital which is provided resources. Thus, banks is built on risk managaments strategies. Sustainability of the banking activities depends on effective risk control. The banks have strong risk management process, evaluate the risks involved.they compare taken risks and realised earnings and make a decision at the and of the assesments. In the literatüre, the difference between loans interest rate and deposit interest rate effect of credit supply was observed insignificant. The aim of this study, is assessing the factors affecting the credit volume in the banking sector of Turkey. Monthly data between the years 2003 and 2016-1 have been used. Databases are provided by the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey and Turkish Statistical Institute. Data analysis was performed with software package Eviews 8. In this study, the relationship among variables in the determination of the model were estimated with Least Squre Method. Subsequently unit root tests were carried out primarily in order to examine the stability of the series, and simple regression model was estimated as a result of the unit root tests. In this study, it is identified that there is a statistically significant negative correlation between the total credit volume (TKRE) with non-performing loans (TAKR), total loan interest income, accruals and rediscount (FO), required reserves (ZORK) and inflation (TÜFE). Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 601-608 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-48 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/94 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:601-608 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Füsun İSTANBULLU DİNÇER Author-Email: istanbul@istanbul.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Author-Name: Orhan AKOVA Author-Email: oakova@istanbul.edu.tr Author-Name: Suna MUĞAN ERTUĞRAL Author-Email: sertugral@yahoo.com Author-Name: Merve AYDOĞAN ÇİFÇİ Author-Email: merve.aydogan@istanbul.edu.tr Title: Woman Labour Force in Tourism Industry in Turkey: Opportunities and Barriers Abstract: Beside industrialization women labour force is started to locate more in general labour force by means of growing migration from rural to urban areas. Women labour force?s position in labour market is altered in the time by adjusted economic and social structure. Women labour force specifically having a crucial role in economic development is in evolution consistently regarding to working hours, education level, skills and sectoral employment scatter. Women labour which is in developing countries reinforced rural areas and agriculture sector intensified in service sector and urban areas in developed countries. Particularly, in develeping countries qualified or unqualified employment opportunities needed by tourism industry arouse more women employee in this industry. In this study, women employment opportunities in tourism industry and barriers are faced in women employment are examined in terms of tourism industry. In the study, women employment statistics by years are presented and opportunities making acceptable to employ in tourism industry and reasons obstucted women to employ in the industry are evaluated by means of SWOT analysis. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 379-395 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-31 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/95 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:379-395 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Zehra Nuray NİŞANCI NİŞANCI Author-Email: zehranuray.nisanci@ikc.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Author-Name: Nezih Metin ÖZMUTAF Author-Email: nezih.metin.ozmutaf@ikc.edu.tr Title: An Assessment of High Level Managers? Experience Spans in Terms of Basic Sectors and Demographics: The Case of USA Abstract: The main objective of this study is to assess high level managers? experience spans from 41 largest businesses in terms of income in the city of Pittsburgh-USA within the context of basic sectors and demograhic attributes. In this framework, the analysis is done based on basic sector, income, business age and high level managers? gender and education information obtained from the websites of these 41 businesses operating in the city of Pittsburg-USA. As a result of the study, the number of high level managers experienced over 5 years in the production sector is the lowest among others, sciences and humanities educational background, business age and annual income of companies appear null in terms of experience span. On the other hand, male high level managers are proportionally higher in number than female managers with regard to gender. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 190-203 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-16 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/96 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:190-203 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Reyhan ASLAN KILIÇ Author-Email: rreyhanaslan@gmail.com Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Author-Name: Osman YILDIRIM Author-Email: osmanyildirim@arel.edu.tr Title: The Importance of the Balanced Scorecard Applications at Strategic Management Abstract: The purpose of this study, Balanced Score Card (BSC), known as Balanced Scorecards or Balance and Turkish a tool used to determine the strategic objectives set forth in the higher education system. This study of 36 people with an open-ended questionnaire that top-level management positions in educational institutions was carried out as directed by a pilot study. Responses to the questionnaire and open-ended questions that will be used in an educational environment BSC was formed. BSC tool, financial dimensions of the educational institution, the size of the customer putting forward decision maker, the internal processes of the institution, offers data on learning and development dimensions. This research is limited to the participation of the higher education system in the foundation universities located in three senior executives. On the other hand, created the BSC can be considered as strategic decision-making tool, which managers can take advantage of the training institutions of the strategic decision-making and they can see all the activities together. BSC is initially became a genuine tool can be used for educational institutions today when a tool posed to financial transactions. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 644-651 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-52 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/97 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:644-651 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: F. Oben ÜRÜ SANI Author-Email: obenurusani@arel.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Author-Name: R. Ayşen WOLFF Author-Email: aysen.wolff@giresun.edu.tr Author-Name: Bülent DEMİR Author-Email: bulent.demir@dunyagoz.com Title: The Role of Environmental Determinism on Strategic Decision Making Process Abstract: The main goal of this paper is to examine the effects of environmental factors -environmental dynamism, environmental uncertainty, and environmental hostility- and external control on the strategic decision-making process (SDMP) characteristics ? rationality, comprehensiveness, formalization, hierarchical centralization, behavioral integration, political behavior and intuition and to test these effects with a comprehensive model in Turkey?s State and Private Hospitals. As the results of analyses, environmental dynamism affects positively rational SDMP most (25,8%) controlling hospital size and age. According to the results of analyses, environmental uncertainty affects positively hierarchical centralized SDMP most (31,2%) controlling hospital size and age. In addition, environmental uncertainty affects positively intuition in SDMP (31,5%). Results also show that environmental dynamism has negative effect on political behavior (4,9%) whereas environmental uncertainty has negative effect on political behavior (6,9%). Furthermore, from the results of the analyses it is seen that environmental hostility have positive effects on rational (12%), comprehensive (15,7%), formalized (32%), and hierarchical centralized (33,8%) SDMP controlling hospital size and age. Also, environmental hostility has positive effect on intuition in SDMP (20,9%) controlling hospital size and age. Results show that external control has no effect on any SDMP characteristics against long odds. This study?s theoretical contribution is examination of effects of environmental factors and external control on SDMP characteristics in a comprehensive model; proposing all these variables coming from different perspectives in the model and filling this gap in the research. Furthermore, this study?s practical contribution is there is lack of research that consists of stated variables in our model conducted in Turkey?s State and Private Hospitals. And finally, the methodological contribution of this study is investigation of predictors of SDMP in the context of environmental determinism perspective in Turkey, a developing country; it shows the external validity of environmental factors influence on SDMP characteristics which were tested in Western developed countries. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 444-465 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-36 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/98 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:444-465 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Oğuzhan KİNTER Author-Email: oguzhankinter@yahoo.com.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Author-Name: Oya Aytemiz SEYMEN Author-Email: seymenoy@yahoo.com Title: Relation of Transformational Leadership and Transactional Leadership With Power Distance in the Frame of Implicit Leadership Theory: A Research on Health Care Workers Abstract: The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between transformational leadership and transactional leadership of natural culture on the power distance within the framework of implicit theories of leadership. The study group of research have been selected the health workers as Bal?kesir University Hospital, ?zmir Atatürk Training and Research Hospital, ?zmir Çi?li State Hospital, ?stanbul Training and Research Hospital, Elaz?? F?rat University Hospital and Elaz?? Baskil Public Health Center. Research findings indicate that power distance is effective to transformational and transactional leadership style. It is determined that power distance has negative relation with transformational leadership and positive relation with transactional leadership. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 223-236 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-19 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/99 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:223-236 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Ümmü Gülsüm KAHRAMAN Author-Email: ugkahraman@mehmetakif.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Author-Name: Fatih TOPÇUOĞLU Author-Email: ugkahraman@mehmetakif.edu.tr Author-Name: İlker Hüseyin ÇARIKÇI Author-Email: ilkercarikci@sdu.edu.tr Title: The Issues Which Are Encountered by Kosgeb Entrepreneurship Supported Women Entrepreneurs: A Study on the Isparta Province Abstract: Substantiating economic, social and juridical improvements in our country and in World brought the women to a position of inseparable part of the business life. The communal roles of the women differ day by day with those improvements. Women began to take their places in working life depand in upon these changes. The participatipation of the women, who constitute half the wold?s population and potential work force and have tostay out of the working life due to gender-based obstacles, on the economy building their own business declines the unemployment and significantly support the economical sport. In this direction, purpose of this study is to detect the current entrepreneurship activities of living in center of Isparta and women entrepreneurship in support of KOSGEB, invastigate the problems in entrepreneurship, to identify the factors affecting the success or failure in entrepreneurship and offer solutions aimed at the problems identified in the guidance of the finding acquired. In this study, entrepreneurship, women?s entrepreneurship and KOSGEB drawn frame on the support of entrepreneurship. Then, KOSGEB focused on entrepreneurship by supporting the women who opened their operation. Method was used to study in-depth interview sand involved in 28 women entrepreneurs. As a result of there search showed that although the some offices registered on the women the manager is another person. Most of the women was become entrepreneur because of the economic reason and get in formal help about entrepreneurship and most of them graduated from university. Despite the high educational levels of women entrepreneurs, there is no culture of entrepreneurship in Isparta. Generally, being married do not effect the women entrepreneurs. But entrepreneurs in the number of children, negative impact on entrepreneurship. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 60-74 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-5 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/100 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:60-74 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Oktay YANIK Author-Email: oyanik@atauni.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Author-Name: Atılhan NAKTİYOK Author-Email: anaktiyok@atauni.edu.tr Author-Name: Bülent GÜVEN Author-Email: bguven@atauni.edu.tr Title: Ethical Context and Ethical Leadership Abstract: Ethical leadership?s effect on ethical climate and ethical culture which are the constituent factors of ethical context in organization is researched in this study. Data were gathered from employees who are employed in information technologies companies in Ankara city and were analyzed. Findings exhibited that ethical leadership has a direct effect on ethical culture and ethical climate and has also an indirect effect on ethical culture via ethical climate. Results showed that - because of its effect on both ethical context factors ? ethical leadership has great importance to transform ethical context in organization. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 514-522 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-41 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/101 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:514-522 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Pınar GÖKTAŞ Author-Email: pinargoktas@sdu.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Author-Name: Esra ÇETİNCELİ Author-Email: esracetinceli@gmail.com Title: A Research on Glass Ceiling Syndrome of Academicians: An Application on Women Academicians at Isparta Vocational High School Abstract: Today, women in business come up against with a variety attitudes and behavior because of roles and responsibilities imposed on the society?s gender and they come up against with obstacles in terms of their carreers. One of these career obstacles is Glass Ceiling Syndrome which is defined as the invisible barrier that women rise to top management positions in business because of their gender. Female employees in business resort to various strategies in order to overcome glass ceiling obstacles and sometimes they are forced to accept it. The purpose of this study, to determine whether there is a glass ceiling syndrome in terms of women academic staff who works in Isparta vocational high school. The universe of study is constituted of women academic staff who works at Suleyman Demirel University Isparta Vocational High School which one of higher education institution. The method of focus group interview is preferred to collect data from a sample. Beforehand questions are determined in the framework issues through One of the data-gathering methods which could be employed within the framework of qualitative research is focus group interview and the data were evaluated in accordance with the opinion of the participants. According to the findings obtained after research, Suleyman Demirel University Isparta Vocational High School in serving female academic staff?s glass ceiling syndrome perceptions are discussed under three main headings as individual, organizational and social. According to the findings, recommendations were developed by women academic staff to overcome glass ceiling obstacles which women academic staff who works at vocational high school. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 312-319 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-26 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/102 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:312-319 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: İzzet Gümüş Author-Email: igumus@gelisim.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Author-Name: Mehmet Sinan Tam Author-Email: mehmetsinantam@gmail.com Author-Name: Burcu Aydın Author-Email: baydin@gelisim.edu.tr Title: The Effect of Social Media on Employees Perception of Psychological Empowerment Abstract: In recent years, social media is one of the most common instruments which plays an important role in our lives. Generally, studies on social media concerns the structure of social media or items that are the subject of social media. This study, by defining social media users, aims to analyze what kind of activities they take part in actively, in the context of university workers. The number of individuals using social media are gradually increasing. The main hypothesis of this study is that, the perception of psychological empowerment of the individuals who take part in these platforms plays an active role in presenting their organizational commitment. The aim of the study is to identify whether social media affect the perceptions of psychological empowerment of employees. For this study, the influence social media on the relevant dimensions of the perception of psychological empowerment (meaningfulness, competence, self-determination, impact) of the faculty and staff of Istanbul Geli?im University, whom are selected by purposive sampling, via survey method. The main result is that, there is a relation between active or passive use of social media and the perception of psychological empowerment. Findings that are obtained by the results of regression analyses which are conducted concomitantly with the factor and reliability analyses reveal that social media, as an advantage of the advancement and proliferation of technology and the convenience that technological devices provide, have an impact on the relevant dimensions of the perception of psychological empowerment in various degrees To measure ?psychological empowerment?, Spreitzer?s Psychological Empowerment Scale (PES) is used. Findings are analyzed via SPSS 16.0 in the framework of the theses that take place in the literature. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 85-95 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-7 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/103 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:85-95 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Fatma Hilal Ergen Keleş Author-Email: hilal.ergen@itu.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Title: The Relationship Between Perceived Level of Logistic Service and Brand Loyalty: A Study Of E-Commerce Abstract: The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that constitute perceived level of logistic service and measure the impacts of these factors on brand loyalty. Internet usage enables current and potential customer to find and compare products they need via large number of e-commerce web sites. Although it is possible to find the same products in different stores as well in traditional commerce, this approach is subject to use of time and physical power. On the other hand, finding and comparing the products can be done simultaneously in internet. Hence, customers are more likely to move from one provider to another. E-commerce web sites pay more attention to brand loyalty not to loose customers, rather to increase. However, foundation of loyalty is more diffucult for those reasons. Customers are required to be satisfied to be loyal customers, improvements in satisfaction can occur with prerequisites. Especially, shopping through e-commerce cause customers to face logistic services. Customers feel logistic service processes until they receive the products from the time they ordered. Hence, e-commerce web sites require high level of logistic service to make a difference. Systems that enable customers to trace their orders, to receive in time, complete and undamaged and to fullfil all their needs satisfy them, and therefore contribute to brand loyalty. In this study, the impact of logistic service level on brand loyalty and mediator role of customer satisfaction are examined. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 579-589 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-46 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/104 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:579-589 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mehtap Aracı Author-Email: maraci@nevsehir.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Title: Management of Short-Handedness in Business: Reasons and Solution Offers for the Problems It Cause Abstract: In the cases where the employees cannot physically be at work for whatever reasons or be at work site but do not or cannot make a contribution to the work productivity again for whatever reasons, a state of ?short-handedness? emerges, and it is a serious human resources problem that needs to be attended to and found a solution for by the businesses. The physical or bodily estrangement of an employee from work causes problems not only in productivity, but also in relations of the business with other employees. Employees, with the impact of several different reasons, can sometimes exhibit behaviors, which do not comply with the business? goals or can make it harder to reach those goals. These behaviors can be listed as not coming to work without a valid explanation (voluntary absenteeism), employee being at work at times when s/he cannot actually be productive because of physical or psychological problems (presenteeism), employee acting sick even though s/he is not (malingering), and the state in which the employee at work site cannot completely concentrate at work because s/he is already looking for another job (hidden unemployment), etc. These behaviors leading to physical or actually short-handedness can be caused by both personal reasons and organizational reasons. Businesses should focus on controlling and minimizing these negative employee behaviors due to its negative effects and costs. The primary goal of this study is to examine the reasons of short-handedness and the productivity problems it causes through past studies, then to determine the precautions businesses need to consider during the management of short-handedness, in order to diminish the negative results of these behaviors, to eliminate these behaviors completely or to prevent them. This study?s ?management of absence behaviors? part is expected to be leading study for future studies. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 365-378 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-30 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/105 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:365-378 Template-Type: ReDIF-Article 1.0 Author-Name: Mustafa Yurttadur Author-Email: myurttadur@gelisim.edu.tr Author-Workplace-Name: Avrasya Akademi Title: An Analysis of the Role of Organizational Commitment in the Relation Between Perceived Organization Climate With Employees Work Performance: A Research on Banking Sector Abstract: The purpose of this research is to detect relationship between organizational climate perceived by employers working in branches of banks and their work performances and its effects over work performance and to evaluate intervening variable role of organizational commitment perceived by employers in relationship between organizational climate and work performance. For this purpose, primarily notions in the research have been defined and relationships among notions have been tried to be supported with initial researches thanks to literature review conducted. Hypotheses of the research have been developed by creating the institutional frame. As a result of analyses conducted, it has been detected that employers? positive organizational climate perceives are positively and meaningfully related to the level of work performance and organizational climate is are positively and meaningfully related to perceive of commitment. In addition, it has been seen that in relationship between organizational climate and work performance, organizational commitment perceives of employers have a regulatory variable role and have a meaningful regulatory effect in this relationship. At the end of the research, some boundnesses that may primarily be put forward have been mentioned and some suggestions have been tried to be brought forward pursuant to research findings. Journal: Eurasian Academy of Sciences Social Sciences Journal Pages: 165-180 Volume: Issue: Year: 2016 Month: Mar DOI: 10.17740/eas.soc.2016.MSEMP-14 File-URL: https://eurasianacademy.org/index.php/socialsciences/article/view/106 File-Format: Application/pdf Handle: RePEc:eas:journl:v::y:2016:i::p:165-180